tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91785290099061783862024-03-05T02:16:03.577-08:00John Decoding ScienceJohn Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-22386018818701846052013-04-08T06:58:00.002-07:002013-04-08T06:58:11.042-07:00Vanoli Cannoli
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After reading this article, I was
left with one immediate question: “Where is the research?” With out presenting at least a link to an
abstract, Vanoli’s opinion, as well as this article, seem completely
worthless. After ten minutes of
searching Google and Google Scholar for links to a paper by Vanoli, I can
safely say there is no such paper. <o:p></o:p></div>
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But
surprisingly, the effects of mercury can cause neurological damage. Considering the varying exposure levels and
methods of mercury exposure out there, it is not safe to completely invalidate
Dr. Vanoli’s hypothesis. Mercury in
vaccines could, in fact, be contributing to some of the neurological disorders
in children, but the relationship between homosexuality and neurological damage
has not been remotely proven. The point
being that without some seriously good evidence from Dr. Vanoli, the fact
remains that no one knows the cause of homosexuality.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Which
brings me to my biggest problem with this article: WHY DOES THIS ARTICLE
EXIST? I understand that the journalist
who wrote this is looking for a nice fat bonus at the end of the pay period and
is looking to get their name out there in the world of reporting, but this is
simply garbage. This article is
reporting a quote from one scientist, with no scientific evidence of his
theory, with no published papers about this.
For what reason beyond entertainment is this article made? I think that the presence of these types of
articles in the world highlights my point posted earlier in the blog about
having scientific news reported by trained scientific journalists. Seeing things like this in the media is quite
upsetting. This is not news, only another
person with another opinion. Glad we
documented that.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-7303489231428187712013-04-02T11:11:00.001-07:002013-04-02T11:11:52.832-07:00Fox News
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Unfortunately,
I am approaching this prompt from a completely biased point of view. The slogan of Fox News that claims it is
“Fair and balanced” is a running joke amongst my fellow liberal friends and
family members. It is clear to me that
Fox News has the habit of construing MOST information to favor Conservative
ideologies.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The studies
that have determined that those who watch only Fox News know less than those
who do not watch the news at all are a bit questionable however. Those who watch Fox News may be exposed to
biased opinions, but at least they are being exposed to news stories that are
current. By the same mechanism that we
talked about in class earlier this semester, which is to include a strong
statement at the end of an article that encourages independent research, those
who watch Fox news stories would hopefully respond with some independent
research. <o:p></o:p></div>
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It is
because of this hopeful positive exposure to news in general that one would
hope that exposure to media such as Fox News would not leave their viewers with
completely useless information.
However, it is not really even worth arguing the fact that Fox News
distributes deeply biased information that promotes the platform of the
republican party.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-5401552443826320142013-03-24T18:15:00.001-07:002013-03-24T18:15:49.308-07:00Ideal Journalist
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In my personal opinion, Mooney is
correct in his article in saying that the increasing ‘cheapness’ of the media
in finding many reporters, most of which have received little to no training in
specific areas of coverage (ex. Science journalism), has lead to a great demise
in the accuracy of reporting. On one
hand, we have journalists that acknowledge their lacking scientific knowledge,
and compensate by covering several scientific opinions on an issue despite the
lack of evidence for some certain opinions.
These journalists introduce unfounded opinions to the general public,
and can create huge misinterpretations of studies and of the facts discovered
from those studies in doing so. On the
other hand, there are journalists that do not acknowledge their lack of
scientific knowledge and can easily be fooled into publishing a story that may
come from a disreputable source or have questionable data backing their
claim. These can be equally, if not more
damaging to the general public because of the lack of the presentation of other
options, which would at least allow the scientifically literate community to
decipher which studies are accurate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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It is through the study of both of
these extremes that one cannot tell a journalist to either publish many ideas
on the same topic nor to publish one opinion on the topic. It seems that a reactionary action is
necessary to revive science journalism to where Mooney indicated it had been
during the ‘space race’. It is
NECESSARY to have trained scientific journalists that can use their own
training and expertise to identify newsworthy stories, assess their reliability
and to convey the scientific information from these studies in an accurate
way. This would eliminate a large
portion of the misinformation out there on any vast array of topics. If journalists publishing articles were held
to the same standards that scientists were in publishing scientific papers, the
media would be a much more useful tool, as opposed to a circus that will spin a
story to benefit the interests of the highest bidder or publish an article with
the facts of the news completely rearranged due to a lack of understanding.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-51554282349168313962013-03-18T06:40:00.004-07:002013-03-18T06:40:35.529-07:00<br />
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The
scientist drawings that my friends and I made consist of a large white lab coat
as most of the picture, with some accessory items such as a head, arms and legs
sticking out of the giant coat. All of
the drawings had glasses and most had beards and crazy hair. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The illustrations
of the scientists reflect a long-standing, media-created view of the
scientist. Let’s consider Dr.
Frankenstein for a moment:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhquOefyAsMNaH9AE0JxbYDjEhQhAF1_RBHVG6UuvBh7G1HduYteJNO1poK1yE8hZSrAzQtGgD9-UqlLCoWO0gi5Jfp5jdsoHYbISxjLT06NO4GFnOdxRuwALnYBZbFIJWXot3lVQgcpGI/s1600/url.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhquOefyAsMNaH9AE0JxbYDjEhQhAF1_RBHVG6UuvBh7G1HduYteJNO1poK1yE8hZSrAzQtGgD9-UqlLCoWO0gi5Jfp5jdsoHYbISxjLT06NO4GFnOdxRuwALnYBZbFIJWXot3lVQgcpGI/s200/url.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Crazy hair? Check. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Goggles/glasses? Check.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
White lab coat? Check.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This view of scientists is an interesting consideration when
deliberating how it affects the public’s trust in scientists and their
conclusions. The example of Dr.
Frankenstein is a perfect example for this.
Examining not just his appearance, but his life story, one can see that
he is eccentric, willing to go beyond the realm of appropriate behavior for his
experiments (collecting body parts and whatnot), and cannot control his own
creations. Many of these characteristics
are shared amongst scientists in movies and other media outlets. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Despite the
overuse of these characteristics in many scientists in movies, many scientists
I have met are not this way at all.
Throughout my time doing research from my freshman summer in high
school, to my current research at Ursinus College, I have encountered quite a
few scientists along my way. One thing
that I can say about most of the people that I meet in scientific fields is
that they are extremely logical. In order
to perform experiments and to discover new things, one must be able to troubleshoot. This requires a fair amount of logical
thinking (eg. “given this, this and that… what could be the root of a problem
in this experiment”). This
characteristic in scientists has allowed me to see scientists in their true
light: as interesting AND interested people with the ability to solve problems
(in science and in life) in an efficient and agreeable way and finally to see
beyond (excuse my French) the bullshit and to interpret information as it
is. Perhaps if the media were a bit
kinder to scientists, the public would have an easier time trusting them and
trusting their findings. Maybe one day
instead of thinking scientists and seeing Dr. Frankenstein in our minds eye, we
will see someone more like this:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdklzQqN1toQQfZQCcHGoNNxRQ-YgOx9gxYpFxiXjIYjxWcELYzkFpjuVvKQ4CQxOaYuWzGt1Sa5_y3UF31pcUAC-r2ySE_5j98nPM9vtnszDcSPvJR68Fm1XpB2RqfqN8GmY-m1dIE4/s1600/jedi3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdklzQqN1toQQfZQCcHGoNNxRQ-YgOx9gxYpFxiXjIYjxWcELYzkFpjuVvKQ4CQxOaYuWzGt1Sa5_y3UF31pcUAC-r2ySE_5j98nPM9vtnszDcSPvJR68Fm1XpB2RqfqN8GmY-m1dIE4/s320/jedi3.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
<br />
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-72511350939286436242013-03-04T11:46:00.001-08:002013-03-04T11:46:39.127-08:00Truthiness
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<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">As Stephen Colbert vaguely
defines it, truthiness is the interpretation of the information you <b>feel</b> to be true as fact. This is a vague definition, as are most
definitions that involve “feeling” any type of emotion. However, I most relate truthiness to a
intuitive “gut” feeling that I get when interpreting a story that you have just
read. These intuitions usually come
from preliminary data that you have collected from friends, political
propaganda, parents, etc. Lets say we
have just read an article about red wine.
This particular article is in the most recent <i>Food and Wine</i> magazine and states that red wine is in no way, shape
or form good for your cardiovascular health.
I would immediately look at this article with suspicion mostly due to
the exceedingly large amounts of articles stating that red wine IS good for
you, but also because I like red wine!
The fact that I like it and that I somehow feel just a bit more relaxed
and healthy after two glasses at night makes me feel that perhaps this article
is not giving us the whole “truthiness”, and nothing but the “truthiness”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">With respect to science
writing, there is a fine line between incorporating truthiness amongst fact,
and straight out lying. Often times, a
composite between hard fact and its relation to truthiness is the best answer
to how scientific writing can best incorporate truthiness. If we were to say,
for instance, that red wine is healthy for you due to the high levels of
tannins in the grape skins, and to somehow relate this to how red wine makes
you feel warm, it would give the audience something to relate back to their
preliminary data (supposedly from drinking enough wine to feel warm). This is perhaps the most effective way to
incorporate “truthiness” into science writing.
Although I can definitely say that I hate the word “truthiness” both
because it sounds bad, and because a gut feeling is never to be obeyed blindly
without preliminary data, or new findings.
However, it does have some merit in terms of making dry science writing
more effective and relatable.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-38896090905104254742013-02-22T09:04:00.002-08:002013-02-22T09:04:12.106-08:00How To Research
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<b><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">One of the most influential parts of modern media
outlets is the accessibility that it offers to both authors and consumers of
news and media. It is with this
unrestricted access to produce or read anything that one can type into Google that
comes the presence of limitless ungrounded theories. The wealth and density of articles, opinions
and scholarly papers online puts it in the hands of the consumer to search for,
and interpret these articles without preliminary bias, and using scientific
supporting evidence. This is my
reasoning for saying that promoters of the vaccine-autism link CAN, in fact, be
labeled as scientifically illiterate or ignorant (based on the details of their
research efforts). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> For example, our search in class
yesterday for ‘whether or not swimming on a full stomach can kill you’ was
researched, one article was found, and it said that it could indeed kill
you. At this, the person guessing that
celebrated that they were ‘right’ all along.
This example clearly shows that the person who guessed it to be true was
starting their search with preliminary bias.
However, the rest can still be saved if you can be discerning about
which articles to use as sources. I’ve
just found 3 articles that say that ‘eating before swimming can kill you’ is a
myth, and three that support that statement. The rest is left up to searching
for unbiased scientific data about the internal biological processes at work in
metabolizing food, and in anaerobic exercise.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The tendency of people to believe the
first “Cosmo” article that they find shows that they are researching their
topic improperly. Firstly, beginning
with a preliminary bias in a search makes finding articles that support a
vaccine-autism link much easier.
However, the indiscriminate use of articles without researching supporting
scientific evidence can be just as damaging to the truth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> For my grizzly article, I wrote about
doctor’s reactions to the vaccine controversy currently going on. Many doctors are calling for a
government-backed project to support vaccine safety to increase the public’s
trust in vaccines. I have learned the
same thing from individuals who readily accept Jenny McCarthy’s theories, which
is that if you want something with scientific evidence to be realized by the
general public, you still have to present the evidence in a flashy way. Scholarly articles simply do not reach the
public as effectively as those backed by large names. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-9621689344930057972013-02-08T12:05:00.002-08:002013-02-08T12:05:27.592-08:00The News is the Priority
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The role and freedoms of journalists in the process of
conveying news is a concern of mine that came up during a lecture given by a
currently practicing journalist. Many
journalists have the idea that they can ask enough questions to understand the
material well enough to write about it.
Although this is true to a certain degree, it is completely analogous to
handing in a rough draft of an article without having the teacher check it for
mistakes first. Without an article being
reviewed, are you not at risk of misrepresenting the news, and at the same
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This brings
me to the point I was beginning to make earlier. While I understand that journalists are
attempting to have an impact on the articles they are writing, it is important
to understand that the news itself is the priority. It is my personal belief that (scientific)
journalists should not be able to submit an article written about someone else
or their work without their review.
There should be an understanding that while their writing is a valuable
part of the process, and, if good, can provide a link to their audience, the
information in the article is not theirs to manipulate (intentionally or
unintentionally).<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-51066363129505715742013-02-02T10:43:00.002-08:002013-02-02T10:43:13.844-08:00Journalists Putting the Beauty Back in Science
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<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> As
we grow up, many topics that once seemed mysterious, majestic and magical, such
as dinosaurs, spaceships, earthquakes and volcanoes are taught in an
increasingly more technical fashion. The
intricate assembly of math, physics and chemistry knowledge that is used to
understand these once-unexplainable becomes a boring blather of relationships
between values on a piece of paper.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> In
middle school, at least from my own experience, there was a large shift in the
style of teaching and learning from a more theoretical and light approach, to a
more intensive, memorization approach.
This was especially apparent in science classes where you had to
memorize various values and equations that are invaluable for further
scientific exploration, but are truly a bore to learn. It is due to this change that many students
who love the large, relevant scientific concepts and ideas lose interest in
pursuing science. It is almost as if
middle school science classes are the first string of “weed-out” classes for scientifically
oriented students. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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articles. They have the ability to over
arch all of the raw scientific data to make inferences from the data and to
relay those concepts to the public in an understandable and entertaining
way. News articles that involve titles
such as “Asteroid Mining”, “Ancient Dinosaur Bones Uncovered”, and “Coral-Killing
Starfish…” are examples of how the beauty and mystery of science can once again
be relayed to the fraction of the public who are not scientifically
oriented. </span></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-3135568606363316262013-01-26T12:37:00.001-08:002013-01-26T12:37:40.793-08:00Quote related to science vs. politicsAs im sitting at a bar in Newtown, PA, I felt the immedite need to post a quote I read in the New York Times via cell phone. A quote from an article discussing spending and patterns on incarceration and crime in America.<br />
<br />
"If you had a dollar to spend on reducing crime, and you looked at the science instead of the politics, you would never spend I on the prison system."<br />
-Michael Jacobson, President of the Vera Institute of Justice and former New York City correction an probation officer.<br />
<br />
Yet another example of the damages cause in society from following biased political platforms rather than pure science in order to make policies.John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-88330116030328344752013-01-24T16:53:00.003-08:002013-01-24T16:53:57.438-08:00Trust in Science
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The
relationship between the level of education and the level of trust placed in
science would most likely produce a strong linear correlation much of the time. Much of the material learned in history,
sociology, anthropology, math, physics, and, of course, biology classes has a
foundation based on information collected by scientifically researching
individual topics. However, in a recent
article from the American Sociological Association, a limit to this correlation
has been discovered. It seems that
education only goes so far in convincing individuals of the credibility of
scientific discoveries. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The article determined that much of
the doubt the public experiences towards science is rooted in political,
cultural and sociological factors that may not agree with empirically founded
evidence. An example of such a limit is
the concept of creationism. Although I
do not claim to have a good (let alone decent) understanding of the argument
for the creation of the Earth and the human race, it is often a highly debated
topic due to the opposition it creates against the scientifically founded
concept of evolution, and the 4.54 billion year-old age of the Earth. Although there is concrete evidence (carbon
dating and genetic studies) of an old earth (as opposed to the creationist
theory of a ‘young earth’), religious influences often prevent many American
citizens from accepting data that is scientifically founded in favor of a
theory that has no concrete evidence. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Science, as
many know it, is thought of mostly as the study of biological phenomena. However, scientific studies can pertain to
almost any avenue of research, whether it is biologically related or not. The scientific part of doing research of any
kind is the use of strict mediating rules that necessitate the use of controls
for comparison, a hypothesis to test, an experiment to test this hypothesis,
and a method to analyze the data to form a conclusion from it; otherwise known
as the scientific method. The scientific
method is a general protocol used to investigate phenomena, acquire new
knowledge, or to correct and integrate previous knowledge. This method ensures that conclusive data is
needed to make scientifically founded conclusions. It is this unbiased nature of science that
makes it a threat to unfounded, one-sided religious and political views. To quote the article, “In the political
sphere, the credibility of scientific knowledge is tied to cultural perceptions
about its political neutrality and objectivity, which are crucial social
resources for building consensus in ideologically polarized policy arenas.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Although it
is clear to me that scientifically supported conclusions are the only ones
worth considering, it is not possible to convert all of those that do not believe in
science due to longstanding religious, cultural and societal opinions. Therefore, when writing news articles about
politically, culturally, religiously, and sociologically relevant topics, it is
important to consider the opinions of the general public and to write with as
little bias against any opinion, and to instead aim to convey news in a method
that displays its relevance to everyday life, not as openly contradictory to
certain other opinions. Although I do
not believe this approach is an appropriate means to become a better science
writer (science writing does not consider opinions that are not scientifically
founded), it will prove to be the most effective means by which scientific
topics can be conveyed to anyone that may read them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
ASR rticle can be viewed at this hyperlink:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.asanet.org/images/journals/docs/pdf/asr/Apr12ASRFeature.pdf">http://www.asanet.org/images/journals/docs/pdf/asr/Apr12ASRFeature.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-44365555062419734742013-01-21T14:29:00.001-08:002013-01-21T14:29:23.236-08:00Multidimensional Viewpoint Gained via a Liberal Education
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<br />
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The lack of
an understanding of concepts in various subjects is often the underlying cause
of many divides between individuals in different schools of thought in
societies that are governed democratically.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
By definition, our democratic
society is constructed to give each eligible citizen an equal say in the making
of community policies. Although this
method allows for the equal representation of people from different religious,
gender-specific, financial backgrounds and etc., there are often significant
discrepancies between the viewpoints of individuals with different educational
roots. Although these distinct opinions
are a cause of much debate and argument, the outcome that is produced by the
averaging of these ranging opinions often benefits from the input from varying
educational/cultural backgrounds. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
However, it is not always possible
to achieve a perfect balance, or average, from the varying opinions of U.S.
constituents. In a world in which many
citizens are educated chiefly in the areas necessary for their profession,
there is an underlying lack of broad knowledge that an individual could use to
assess political (or otherwise) issues from several angles, allowing for a more
comprehensive view of the matter at hand.
It is because of these benefits, that I strongly promote the concept of
a liberal education in which students are required to obtain an education that
incorporates at least a basic understanding in fields such as science,
economics, policy-making and religion. This would provide a structural foundation by
which, at the very least, certain topics can be viewed using a combined
viewpoint, that can encompass, and take into account the interests and values
of the previously mentioned ‘specialized’ groups. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Throughout this semester, I will be
blogging about the advantages that being scientifically literate can provide
the average citizen concerning the interpretation of news and political
issues. However, I do not want to lose
sight of the importance of an all-encompassing liberal education in addition to
scientific fluency.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-John<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178529009906178386.post-65886773675409603962013-01-17T10:45:00.001-08:002013-01-17T10:45:05.604-08:00Do I know how to post?Yes! I know how to post.John Decoding Sciencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03055605696938209413noreply@blogger.com0